e d g e
- education for disability and gender equity
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SELF-TEST - TEXT VERSION 1. Human beings can have differences because of genes
and spinal injuries 2. Most people have ___ chromosones. 3. Genetic differences result in disorders in humans. 4. What is the single gene disorder that makes some
blood cells pointy and painful? 5. When there are three chromosomes on the 21st pair,
the disorder is usually called: 6. All people who break their backs will: 7. Injuries to this region of the spine generally
create the most impact on the body with more severe outcomes 8. Which of the following statements is true? ANSWERS: 1 - A: That's right! You know how this works, now
try the other questions! 1 - B: Well, there are more ways to have differences
but genes and injuries to the spine are the two this lesson discusses. 2 - A: Actually, no, most people have 46 chromosomes
or 23 pairs. 2 - B: You are right! Most people have only 46 chromosomes. 2 - C: There are over 6 billion subunits tightly
packed into 23 pairs of chromosomes- which means 46. Some people have
47 because of "trisomy" or Down Syndrome. But 48 is extremely rare.
Have a look at the biology content pages for more details. 3 - A: Not correct - Genetic differences are as
much a normal part of our biology as genetic similarities. Only some
genetic differences are called disorders. These usually are named disorders
if they have a significant impact on how a person functions. 3 - B: Not correct - Genetic differences are as
much a normal part of our biology as genetic similarities. Some genetic
differences are called disorders. These usually are named disorders
if they have a significant impact on how a person functions. 3 - C: Not correct - There are hundreds of changes
and mutations daily in the world. All differences do not cause disorders
but many disorders are the result of genetic differences. Want more
information? Try reviewing the biology content pages. 3 - D: This is the correct response because genetic
differences do NOT USUALLY result in disorders. They can, if medical
professionals and society decide that a specific difference is significant
enough. But most differences are not considered impairments or disorders. 4 - A: The Marfan syndrome is a heritable disorder
of the connective tissue that affects many organ systems, including
the skeleton, lungs, eyes, heart and blood vessels. However, it does
not make blood cells pointy and painful. 4 - B: Turner syndrome is a chromosomal condition
that exclusively affects girls and women. It occurs when one of the
two X chromosomes normally found in females is missing or incomplete.
It does not affect the shape of blood cells. 4 - C: Correct. Sickle Cell Anemia causes blood
cells to become sickle shaped making it difficult and sometimes painful
for the cells to pass through veins. 5 - A: Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by a disorder
to a single gene, not by an extra chromosome on the 21st pair. 5 - B: Turners Syndrome is identified when one of
the X chromosomes is missing or not formed, not by three chromosomes
at the 21st pair. 5 - C: Correct! 6 - A: Even though it seems impossible, breaking
your back or neck does not always result in paralysis. The spinal cord
carries the messages so it is protected by bones and tissue. If the
cord is not injured people with broken backs usually can walk and feel
when they have recovered. 6 - B: Some people who break their back have an
intact spinal cord so they have both sensation and mobility! Only people
with spinal cord or nerve damage will experience paralysis and/or loss
of sensation. 6 - C: Some people who break their back have an
intact spinal cord so they have both sensation and mobility! Only people
with spinal cord or nerve damage will experience paralysis and/or loss
of sensation. 6 - D: Correct! Some people who break their back
have an intact spinal cord so they have both sensation and mobility.
7 - A: Correct - because of its important location
the cervical vertebra can impact breathing and all four limbs. 7 - B: Thoracic vertebra might be injured and a
person could still use parts of the arms and upper body even though
he or she might not have feeling below the injury. 7 - C: Injuries to the lumbar region usually impact
the least amount of the body because upper body function is retained. 7 - D: While painful, sacral injuries are less common
and usually less severe than other spinal cord injuries. 8 - A: Not Correct. Because of high risk activities,
and different behavior patterns women and men have different rates of
injuries. 82% of spinal cord injuries are sustained by men, 18% by women. 8 - B: Not Correct. Motor vechicle accidents cause
44% of all spinal cord injuries, and 24% are caused by acts of violence.
See the Biology Resource page for links to more information. 8 - C: Correct, men are more likely (82%) to get
a spinal cord injury. 8 - D: Not Correct. Quadriplegia is slightly more
common than paraplegia. See the Biology Resource page for links to more
information. |
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